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Abbreviation for central processing unit, and pronounced as separate letters. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor,but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard. Each motherboard will support only a specific type or range of CPU so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.

Two typical components of a CPU are the following:

* The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
* The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.

See "What Is CPU Overclocking?" in the "Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia.

Also see All About Dual-Core Processors in the "Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia.

To understand how your computer system communicates with your CPU, see "Understanding PC Buses" in the Did You Know...?" section of Webopedia.

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